Hunting District 313 (Gardiner) vs Hunting District 390 (Big Belt Mountains)
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Choosing an elk hunting district in Montana can be as critical as the gear you pack. For those eyeing two popular yet distinct regions, Hunting District 313 (Gardiner) and Hunting District 390 (Big Belt Mountains) offer wildly different experiences. HD 313, known for its proximity to Yellowstone National Park, presents unique challenges and opportunities, especially with its late-season migration hunts. Conversely, HD 390 in the Big Belts provides a more traditional backcountry archery or rifle experience, with diverse terrain and a strong resident elk population. Your decision will hinge on your preferred hunting style, tolerance for crowds, and accessibility to specific elk behaviors.
Spec-by-Spec
| Spec | Hunting District 313 (Gardiner) | Hunting District 390 (Big Belt Mountains) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Access | Road-accessible (HWY 89), trailheads into national forest | Forest Service roads, extensive trail systems, some wilderness access |
| Terrain Type | Steep, rugged mountains, dense timber, high alpine, Yellowstone border | Mixed conifer forests, open meadows, steep ridges, river breaks |
| Elk Population Status | Migratory and resident herds, influenced by Yellowstone ecosystem | Strong resident population, good calf recruitment |
| Hunter Pressure | High, especially during late-season migration hunts and general rifle season | Moderate to high, particularly on easily accessible public lands |
| Trophy Potential | Good, particularly during migration as older bulls move out of Yellowstone | Good, with consistent production of mature bulls |
| Tags & Licenses | General season, specific late-season special draws for antlerless/archery | General season, some limited entry opportunities |
| Hunting Style | Backcountry spike camps, day hunting, migration ambush points | Backpacking, spot and stalk, calling, still hunting |
| Public Land % | High (National Forest, some State Land), borders Yellowstone NP | High (National Forest, some State Land), includes designated Wilderness |
Hunting District 313 (Gardiner)
Best for: The adventurous, patient hunter targeting a trophy bull during late-season migrations, willing to brave crowds and harsh weather.
Pros
- Opportunity for late-season migration elk
- Potential for larger bulls migrating from Yellowstone
- Diverse habitat offers various hunting strategies
- Stunning scenery bordering a national park
Cons
- Extremely high hunter pressure, especially late-season
- Weather can be severe and unpredictable
- Elk behavior highly influenced by Yellowstone movements, unpredictable
- Limited easy access; often requires significant physical exertion
Hunting District 390 (Big Belt Mountains)
Best for: The traditional backcountry elk hunter seeking consistent opportunities in a diverse landscape with a strong resident elk population.
Pros
- Strong resident elk population offers consistent opportunities
- Extensive public land and trail systems
- Less extreme weather conditions than high alpine Yellowstone border
- Good mix of timber and open country for diverse hunting
Cons
- Popular areas can experience high hunter density
- Elk can be pressured and nocturnal in some accessible spots
- Access may require 4x4 or significant hiking to escape crowds
The Verdict
For hunters seeking a truly unique, migration-focused challenge with the potential for exceptional trophy opportunities, Hunting District 313 is the clear winner. Its late-season allure, drawing elk from Yellowstone, offers an experience unlike any other, albeit with intense hunter competition and demanding conditions. However, for the hunter prioritizing a more classic, consistent elk hunting experience with strong resident populations and slightly less extreme environmental factors, HD 390 in the Big Belt Mountains takes the cake. While not without its pressures, it provides a solid foundation for varied hunting styles across extensive public lands. Your choice hinges on whether you prefer the unpredictable, high-stakes gamble of migration or the more reliable, traditional pursuit of resident herds.