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Wild turkey gobbler strutting in full fan

Hunting · Small Game & Birds

Small Game & Bird Hunting: every species, season, and tactic

Sixteen in-depth guides to the birds and small game most North Americans can hunt within an hour of home — with the exact field method for each one.

Small game is where most hunters learn to hunt, and where a lot of them return once the big-game draws stop cooperating. Seasons run long, licenses are cheap, and a single afternoon in the right cover teaches more about wind, cover, and shot discipline than a week in a deer stand.

This hub covers upland birds, waterfowl, small mammals, and predators with the same structure as our big-game guides: where the animal lives, the licenses and stamps involved, a repeatable method for actually killing one, the gear that matters, and how to handle the meat.

Every page links out to the state and federal agencies that publish current seasons and bag limits — migratory bird frameworks in particular change every single year.

Species covered
16 in depth
Best openers
Dove · Squirrel · Rabbit
Dog country
Pheasant · Quail · Chukar
Extra stamps
Waterfowl & crane

01

Every small game and bird species, in one place

Each guide covers the same ground: where the animal lives and which states are worth your time, the licenses and stamps involved, the repeatable field method that puts game in the bag, the gear that matters, and how to cook it.

Wild turkey gobbler strutting in full fanMostly over-the-counter

Wild Turkey

Cheap tags, dawn woods full of gobbling, and a shotgun hunt that rewards patience and calling more than gear.

  • Range: Every state but Alaska
  • Peak season: April – May spring gobbler

Unknown photographer / Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons

Ring-necked pheasant rooster in grass coverOver-the-counter

Ring-Necked Pheasant

Walking miles of grass behind a good dog for the single loudest flush in bird hunting — with over-the-counter tags and cheap access.

  • Range: Northern Plains & Midwest
  • Peak season: Oct – Jan

Unknown photographer / Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons

Ruffed grouse displaying on the forest floorOver-the-counter

Ruffed Grouse

Walking young aspen and alder cover with a dog for the single hardest wingshot in North American hunting.

  • Range: Northern hardwoods & boreal forest
  • Peak season: Sept – Dec

Per from Kaministiquia, Canada / CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Sharp-tailed grouse displaying on prairie grassOver-the-counter

Sharp-Tailed Grouse

Wide prairie walks behind a dog for a bird that flushes in groups and offers rolling-country wingshooting few hunters ever try.

  • Range: Northern Great Plains & prairie Canada
  • Peak season: Sept – Nov

USFWS Mountain-Prairie / Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Chukar partridge on a dry rock slopeOver-the-counter

Chukar Partridge

Steep canyon country, running coveys, and a physical test that separates chukar hunters from everyone else in wingshooting.

  • Range: Great Basin canyon country
  • Peak season: Oct – Jan

Imran Shah from Islamabad, Pakistan / CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Northern bobwhite quail in field edge coverOver-the-counter

Northern Bobwhite Quail

Pointing dogs locking up on a covey, then an explosive close flush — the quintessential Southern upland hunting tradition.

  • Range: Southeast & south-central U.S.
  • Peak season: Nov – Feb

Matt Tillett from Cumberland, MD, USA / CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Mourning dove perched on a wireOver-the-counter + HIP

Mourning Dove

A social opening-day tradition, a small fast target, and the single most-harvested game bird in the country every year.

  • Range: Nearly all of the lower 48
  • Peak season: Sept 1 opener

JeffreyGammon / CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Mallard drake on open waterOver-the-counter + duck stamp

Mallard

Sunrise in a duck blind, decoys bobbing on cold water, and greenheads finishing into range — the classic American waterfowl hunt.

  • Range: Nearly continent-wide
  • Peak season: Nov – Jan

This picture was realized by Richard Bartz by using a Canon / CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons

Wood duck drake on a timbered sloughOver-the-counter + duck stamp

Wood Duck

Tight timber shooting, a squealing whistle call, and one of the most colorful birds any hunter will ever carry out of the woods.

  • Range: Eastern half of the U.S. & Pacific NW
  • Peak season: Early season, Sept – Oct

lwolfartist / CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Canada goose in a feeding fieldOver-the-counter + duck stamp

Canada Goose

Big skeins of geese finishing into a field decoy spread — one of the most technical and rewarding setups in all of waterfowl hunting.

  • Range: Continent-wide
  • Peak season: Sept early season, Nov–Jan regular

Rror / CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Sandhill crane feeding in a grain fieldLimited draw permit in most states

Sandhill Crane

A large, wary migratory bird hunted over grain stubble with a special permit system and a reputation as the best-tasting bird in waterfowl hunting.

  • Range: Central Flyway & parts of the West
  • Peak season: Oct – Jan (state-specific)

Frank Schulenburg / CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Eastern cottontail rabbit in low coverOver-the-counter

Eastern Cottontail Rabbit

Cheap tags, forgiving seasons, and a beagle chorus in the brush — one of the most approachable hunts for new hunters of any age.

  • Range: Eastern & central U.S.
  • Peak season: Nov – Feb

Unknown photographer / Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons

Snowshoe hare in winter coatOver-the-counter

Snowshoe Hare

A true winter hunt in northern conifer swamps — snowshoes, baying dogs, and a hare that turns invisible against fresh snow.

  • Range: Northern U.S. & Canada
  • Peak season: Dec – Feb

Unknown photographer / Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons

Eastern gray squirrel on a hardwood limbOver-the-counter

Eastern Gray Squirrel

Sitting dead still under a hickory or oak with a .22, learning to hear the woods before you ever see game — the foundational small-game hunt.

  • Range: Eastern hardwood forest, continent-wide
  • Peak season: Sept – Feb, varies by state

JeffreyGammon / CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Raccoon at the base of a treeOver-the-counter

Raccoon

A night hunt built around hound music, headlamps, and the distinctive sound of a dog changing its bark from trailing to treed.

  • Range: Nearly continent-wide
  • Peak season: Fall – winter, night hunting

Unknown photographer / Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons

Coyote crossing open groundOver-the-counter

Coyote

Year-round hunting, minimal licensing, and one of the sharpest tests of calling skill and patience in North American hunting.

  • Range: Continent-wide
  • Peak season: Year-round in most states; winter fur prime

Yathin S Krishnappa / CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

02

How to start small game hunting this season

A first small game season needs almost nothing you do not already own. This is the order that gets you into the field fastest.

  1. 1Complete hunter education — it is required nearly everywhere and honored across state lines.
  2. 2Buy a basic hunting license, and add the migratory bird HIP registration plus duck stamp if birds are on your list.
  3. 3Pick one species with a long season near home: squirrel, rabbit, or dove are the easiest openers.
  4. 4Pattern your shotgun at 25 and 35 yards with the load you plan to hunt, or zero a rimfire at 50.
  5. 5Find legal ground — state wildlife areas, national forest, and walk-in access programs are all open to small game.
  6. 6Hunt the edges: fencerows, creek bottoms, cut-field margins, and the seam between cover and food.
  7. 7Cool and clean birds and small game the same day, and keep the meat out of a warm truck cab.

Pick a species

  • Wild Turkey Cheap tags, dawn woods full of gobbling, and a shotgun hunt that rewards patience and calling more than gear.
  • Ring-Necked Pheasant Walking miles of grass behind a good dog for the single loudest flush in bird hunting — with over-the-counter tags and cheap access.
  • Ruffed Grouse Walking young aspen and alder cover with a dog for the single hardest wingshot in North American hunting.
  • Sharp-Tailed Grouse Wide prairie walks behind a dog for a bird that flushes in groups and offers rolling-country wingshooting few hunters ever try.
  • Chukar Partridge Steep canyon country, running coveys, and a physical test that separates chukar hunters from everyone else in wingshooting.
  • Northern Bobwhite Quail Pointing dogs locking up on a covey, then an explosive close flush — the quintessential Southern upland hunting tradition.
  • Mourning Dove A social opening-day tradition, a small fast target, and the single most-harvested game bird in the country every year.
  • Mallard Sunrise in a duck blind, decoys bobbing on cold water, and greenheads finishing into range — the classic American waterfowl hunt.
  • Wood Duck Tight timber shooting, a squealing whistle call, and one of the most colorful birds any hunter will ever carry out of the woods.
  • Canada Goose Big skeins of geese finishing into a field decoy spread — one of the most technical and rewarding setups in all of waterfowl hunting.
  • Sandhill Crane A large, wary migratory bird hunted over grain stubble with a special permit system and a reputation as the best-tasting bird in waterfowl hunting.
  • Eastern Cottontail Rabbit Cheap tags, forgiving seasons, and a beagle chorus in the brush — one of the most approachable hunts for new hunters of any age.
  • Snowshoe Hare A true winter hunt in northern conifer swamps — snowshoes, baying dogs, and a hare that turns invisible against fresh snow.
  • Eastern Gray Squirrel Sitting dead still under a hickory or oak with a .22, learning to hear the woods before you ever see game — the foundational small-game hunt.
  • Raccoon A night hunt built around hound music, headlamps, and the distinctive sound of a dog changing its bark from trailing to treed.
  • Coyote Year-round hunting, minimal licensing, and one of the sharpest tests of calling skill and patience in North American hunting.

Questions

Frequently asked

What counts as small game?
Small game generally means rabbits, hares, squirrels, and other non-big-game mammals, plus upland birds like pheasant, grouse, quail, chukar and turkey. Migratory birds — dove, ducks, geese and sandhill crane — are licensed separately under federal migratory bird rules, and predators like coyote often fall under their own furbearer or unprotected-species framework.
Is small game hunting a good place to start?
It is the best place to start. Seasons are long, tags are usually included with a basic hunting license, the shots are close, and you can hunt a full day on public ground within an hour of most towns. Squirrels and rabbits in particular teach woodsmanship, safe gun handling, and game care with very low stakes.
What gun do I need?
A 12 or 20 gauge shotgun covers every bird on this page and rabbits too. A .22 LR rimfire covers squirrels, and a .223 or 6.5 class rifle covers coyotes. If you buy one gun, buy a 20 gauge with interchangeable chokes.
Do I need a dog for upland birds?
No, but a dog roughly doubles the birds you find and nearly eliminates lost cripples. Without one, hunt edges and heavy cover slowly, stop often to make birds nervous, and hunt with partners so you can pinch cover between you.
What extra stamps do migratory birds require?
In the United States, waterfowl hunters 16 and older need a federal Duck Stamp plus a state waterfowl stamp, and all migratory bird hunters need a HIP registration. Sandhill crane requires a separate permit in every state that offers a season. Confirm the current-year requirements with your state agency before opening day.
Is small game good to eat?
Excellent. Wild turkey breast, dove breasts, and cottontail are among the best wild protein you can put on a table, and even coyote-adjacent seasons keep you in the woods learning your ground. The key is cooling birds fast, plucking or skinning promptly, and not overcooking lean meat.

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Fly angler casting on a clear northern river